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1988-08-11
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Astrological Houses
According to ancient astrological theory, the
Heavens are divided into twelve significant regions in the
plane of the Observer, numbered from the first, called the
Ascendant, rising in the East, and counted in the order of
the signs of the Zodiac. These twelve "houses" are fixed
and the Heavens appear to rotate entirely through them in
the course of one day. Primitive astrologers probably did
not suspect the geometrical problems posed by the doctrine
and were satisfied with the so-called "Equal House System."
Soon enough, various solutions were proposed; the program
offers a nearly complete survey of these.
The "Equal House System" divides the Ecliptic into
twelve equal houses counted from the Ascendant.
The "Porphyrius System" named after the Neo-
Platonic philosopher Porphyry (233-303) divides equally the
regions of the Ecliptic comprised in the quadrants formed by
the four cardinal points (Ascendant, Lower Mid Heaven,
Descendant, Mid Heaven). In this system, as in most others,
Mid Heaven stands on the cusp of the tenth house.
The "Old Greek System" (also called the
"Alcabitius System") divides equally the regions of the
Equator comprised between the four cardinal points; the
houses are then projected unto the Ecliptic.
The "Regiomontanus System", made famous by a
Fifteenth Century German mathematician (1436-1476), and the
"Campanus System", whose attribution is not clear and whose
date is either the Thirteenth or the Fifteenth Century, try
to reconcile the fact that Mid Heaven is independant from
the local plane and the Ascendant is dependant upon it.
Probably the system most widely used by modern
astrologers is the so called "Placidus System", called after
a Seventeenth Century Italian monk (1603-1668), but already
proposed a century earlier by the Italian mathematician
Magini. It divides equally the time taken by the point on
the Ascendant to reach Mid Heaven; and so on for the other
quadrants.
The "Morinus System" is named after Jean-Baptiste
Morin (1583-1656), French astrologer to the court of Louis
XIV; it divides the Equator in twelve equal segments from
the point where it intersects the local plane. In this
system, the Ascendant does not coincide with the cusp of the
first house, and except for places on the Equator, Mid
Heaven does not coincide with the cusp of the tenth house.
The "Meridian System" divides the Equator equally
from Mid Heaven; the system is independant from the local
plane and the Ascendant does not fall on the first house
cusp.
The "Koch System" is named after Walter Koch
(1895-1970); it is also a system of time division, where
the time taken for a point at Mid Heaven to reach one third
of the semi-diurnal arc is allocated to the point on the
Ascendant for it to rise and mark the cusp of the eleventh
house.
All that is needed in order to enter this part of
the program is the longitude of Mid Heaven, the latitude of
a given place and the obliquity of the Ecliptic. If other
parts of the program have previously been executed, these
values are already computed and available.